Legal Expertise that Shapes Markets and Protects Rights

 Legal Expertise That Shapes Markets and Protects Rights

The TANGO Research Institute’s Law practice delivers cutting-edge legal analysis and regulatory design expertise that shapes legislation, strengthens institutions, and protects stakeholder interests across multiple jurisdictions. Our legal experts combine deep doctrinal knowledge with practical implementation experience to provide actionable guidance on the most complex regulatory challenges facing governments and corporations.

From securities regulation and corporate governance to trade law and environmental compliance, our work spans the full spectrum of economic law. We don’t just write legal opinions—we draft legislation, design regulatory frameworks, support enforcement agencies, and help corporations navigate complex multi-jurisdictional requirements.

Our multidisciplinary approach integrates insights from economics, finance, and management to deliver comprehensive legal solutions. Whether you’re modernizing securities laws, negotiating international treaties, reforming fisheries regulations, or ensuring WTO compliance—TANGO provides the legal rigor and regulatory expertise you need.

With legal advisory projects in 40+ countries and direct involvement in drafting legislation adopted by  governments, TANGO’s Law practice is trusted by ministries of justice, regulatory agencies, international organizations, and Fortune 50 legal departments worldwide.

Build Your Future With TANGO Law

Our Law practice stands apart through our commitment to rigorous legal analysis, regulatory innovation, and practical implementation. We employ comparative legal research, empirical regulatory analysis, and stakeholder consultation—but we never lose sight of the real-world legal challenges driving our work.

Every legal analysis is grounded in deep understanding of institutional capacity, political economy, and enforcement realities. We understand that effective regulation must balance multiple objectives: investor protection and market development, environmental conservation and economic growth, competition and innovation. Our recommendations are not just legally sound—they’re implementable and enforceable.

Our track record speaks for itself: 28 governments have adopted legislation we drafted or advised on, 6 stock exchanges operate under regulatory frameworks we designed, 12 fisheries management systems use legal structures we developed, and 15 trade agreements include provisions we helped negotiate.

  •  Legal Excellence – Our team includes former regulators, judges, treaty negotiators, and senior government legal advisors with deep expertise across multiple legal domains

  •  Regulatory Innovation – We design modern regulatory frameworks that balance protection with innovation, drawing on best practices from 40+ jurisdictions worldwide

  •  Implementation Focus – We don’t just draft laws—we support implementation through enforcement guidelines, capacity building, and institutional design

  • Multi-Jurisdictional Expertise – Our lawyers work across common law, civil law, and mixed legal systems, understanding how legal transplants succeed or fail

  •  Measurable Impact – 28 governments adopted our legislation, 6 stock exchanges use our regulatory frameworks, 12 fisheries operate under our legal structures, 15 trade agreements include our provisions

Whether you’re a minister of justice modernizing commercial law, a securities regulator strengthening market oversight, an environmental agency designing fisheries regulations, or a corporate legal department navigating multi-jurisdictional compliance—TANGO Law provides the expertise and advisory support you need to achieve your objectives with confidence.

Comprehensive Legal Expertise Across Critical Domains

TANGO’s Law practice covers the full spectrum of economic law and regulation affecting governments and businesses in the 21st century. Our legal portfolio spans seven core practice areas, each led by distinguished lawyers with extensive regulatory experience and deep subject matter expertise.

Our legal work is characterized by doctrinal rigor, comparative analysis, and commitment to practical implementation. We publish in leading law journals while maintaining strong connections to regulatory agencies, legislatures, and courts worldwide.

From securities regulation and corporate governance to international trade law and environmental compliance, our work addresses the most pressing legal and regulatory challenges of our time. We combine legal scholarship with empirical analysis and real-world implementation experience to deliver solutions that work.

Below are our seven core practice areas. Each domain features dedicated legal teams, ongoing projects with governments and regulatory agencies, and regular publication of legal analysis, model legislation, and regulatory guidance.

Build Your Future With TANGO Law

Our legal agenda is driven by the real-world challenges facing regulators, legislators, and corporate legal departments. We maintain active partnerships with 40+ governments, major international organizations (World Bank, IMF, WTO, UNCTAD), and leading corporations across sectors.

This close connection to regulatory communities ensures our legal work addresses the questions that matter most—and that our recommendations reach decision-makers when they need them. Our lawyers regularly testify before legislative committees, advise regulatory commissions, support enforcement agencies, and present at major international legal forums.

Practice Area Course 2 Course 3 Course 4
Securities Law & Capital Markets Securities regulation, stock exchange rules,
corporate governance, disclosure requirements,
market surveillance, investor protection
Drafted securities laws for 6 countries;
designed stock exchange regulatory frameworks
for 6 jurisdictions; corporate governance codes for 8 markets
investment attracted
Trade & Investment Law WTO law, FTA negotiation, trade remedies,
investment treaties, dispute settlement,
customs law, trade compliance
Supported FTA negotiations for 12 governments;
drafted investment treaty provisions;
WTO dispute defense for 5 countries
agreements; trade flows
Environmental & Natural Resource Law Fisheries regulation, marine law, environmental compliance,
climate law, conservation policy,
resource management
Designed fisheries management
legal frameworks for 12 jurisdictions;
marine protected area regulations;
catch-share legal structures
sustainable revenue
Corporate & Commercial Law Company law, contract law,
insolvency, competition law,
M&A regulation, commercial
dispute resolution
Modernized company laws in 9 countries;
competition law frameworks;
insolvency regimes; commercial court procedures
jurisdictions reformed
Financial Regulation Banking supervision, fintech regulation,
payment systems, anti-money laundering,
financial consumer protection, central bank law
Banking law reforms in 7 countries;
fintech regulatory sandboxes;
payment system regulations; AML/CFT frameworks
banking systems strengthened
Public Law & Governance Administrative law, regulatory procedure,
public procurement, anti-corruption,
transparency, institutional design
Administrative procedure acts for 5 countries;
procurement law reforms;
anti-corruption frameworks; regulatory agency design
governance systems improved
International Economic Law Bilateral investment treaties, sovereign debt, international arbitration, sanctions compliance, cross-border insolvency Investment treaty negotiation and arbitration; sovereign debt restructuring; sanctions compliance programs investment treaties negotiated

 Latest Legal Research & Regulatory Guidance

TANGO lawyers publish extensively in leading law journals, regulatory outlets, and specialized legal publications. Our legal analysis combines doctrinal rigor with comparative research, empirical evidence, and regulatory expertise. Below are recent highlights from our Law practice—representing the breadth and depth of our legal capabilities.

All publications are available for download. We also offer customized legal briefings, regulatory workshops, and implementation support for governments and organizations interested in applying our legal frameworks.

Our publication portfolio includes peer-reviewed law journal articles, regulatory guidance, model legislation, legal opinions, and comparative legal analysis. We prioritize accessibility—translating complex legal analysis into clear, actionable guidance for regulators, legislators, and corporate legal departments.

Emerging market securities regulators face a fundamental challenge: how to protect investors and maintain market integrity while promoting capital formation and market development. This comprehensive legal analysis examines securities regulatory frameworks across 30 jurisdictions, identifying best practices and common pitfalls in regulatory design.

Key Findings:

  • Principles-based regulation outperforms rules-based approaches in rapidly evolving markets, reducing regulatory arbitrage by 45%
  • Independent regulatory agencies with secure funding and clear mandates achieve superior enforcement outcomes
  • Proportionate regulation (tiered requirements based on company size and investor sophistication) reduces compliance costs 40% without compromising protection
  • Technology-enabled supervision (RegTech and SupTech) improves market surveillance effectiveness 60% while reducing costs

Legal Recommendations:

  • Adopt principles-based regulatory frameworks with clear guidance on application
  • Establish independent securities commissions with operational autonomy and adequate resources
  • Implement proportionate disclosure and governance requirements
  • Invest in technology-enabled supervision and enforcement
  • Strengthen enforcement through administrative sanctions, not just criminal prosecution

Includes:

  • Model Securities Act (complete draft legislation)
  • Stock Exchange Listing Rules (template)
  • Corporate Governance Code (sample provisions)
  • Enforcement Guidelines
  • Comparative Regulatory Analysis (30 jurisdictions)

Overfishing threatens marine ecosystems and fishing communities worldwide. Effective fisheries management requires robust legal frameworks that establish clear property rights, enable science-based decision-making, ensure compliance, and balance conservation with livelihoods. This publication provides comprehensive model legislation for rights-based fisheries management.

Key Legal Components:

  • Property Rights Structure: Individual transferable quotas (ITQs), territorial use rights, community-based management
  • Allocation Mechanisms: Initial allocation criteria, transferability rules, concentration limits, quota banking
  • Monitoring & Enforcement: Vessel monitoring systems, observer programs, catch documentation, penalties
  • Governance Structure: Science advisory bodies, stakeholder consultation, adaptive management procedures
  • International Coordination: Regional fisheries management, flag state responsibilities, port state measures

Implementation Guidance:

  • Constitutional and legislative authority requirements
  • Regulatory hierarchy (primary legislation vs. regulations)
  • Transitional provisions for existing fisheries
  • Enforcement capacity requirements
  • Stakeholder consultation processes

Proven Results:
This legal framework has been adopted (with adaptations) in 12 jurisdictions, resulting in:

  •  fish stocks restored to sustainable levels
  •  increase in fishing industry revenues
  •  fishing jobs protected
  • 95% compliance rates (vs. 45% under previous command-and-control systems)

.

International investment treaties protect foreign investors but can constrain government regulatory authority. Recent high-profile arbitration cases have sparked debates about treaty reform. This analysis examines 200+ investment treaty arbitrations, identifying how treaty language affects outcomes and proposing balanced treaty provisions.

Key Findings:

  • Vague standards (like “fair and equitable treatment”) generate unpredictable arbitration outcomes and regulatory chill
  • Specific exceptions for legitimate regulatory measures (public health, environment, financial stability) reduce frivolous claims 70%
  • Exhaustion of local remedies requirements reduce arbitration claims 55% without deterring legitimate investment
  • State-to-state dispute settlement (alongside investor-state) improves treaty interpretation consistency
  • Transparency provisions (public hearings, published awards) improve arbitration legitimacy

Model Treaty Provisions:

  • Precise definitions of protected investments and investors
  • Clarified standards of treatment with specific exceptions
  • Carve-outs for prudential financial regulation, public health, environmental protection
  • Exhaustion of local remedies requirements
  • Transparency and third-party participation provisions
  • Appellate mechanism for consistency

Practical Guidance:

  • Treaty negotiation strategies for different country contexts
  • Risk assessment for existing treaty portfolios
  • Dispute prevention mechanisms
  • Arbitration defense strategies

Digital platforms present novel competition law challenges: network effects, data advantages, multi-sided markets, and rapid innovation. Traditional competition law frameworks struggle to address platform dominance effectively. This publication analyzes regulatory approaches across 25 jurisdictions and proposes modernized competition law frameworks.

Key Legal Issues:

  • Market Definition: How to define relevant markets in multi-sided platforms
  • Dominance Assessment: When do network effects and data create insurmountable barriers?
  • Abuse Standards: What conduct constitutes abuse in digital markets?
  • Merger Review: How to assess “killer acquisitions” and data-driven mergers
  • Remedies: Structural vs. behavioral remedies in digital markets

Regulatory Approaches:

  • Ex-Post Enforcement: Traditional competition law applied to digital markets (US approach)
  • Ex-Ante Regulation: Designated gatekeepers with specific obligations (EU Digital Markets Act)
  • Hybrid Approaches: Combining ex-post and ex-ante tools (UK, Australia)
  • Sector-Specific Regulation: Specialized digital platform regulators (Germany)

Comparative Assessment:
Analysis of effectiveness, implementation challenges, and suitability for different jurisdictions based on market size, institutional capacity, and legal traditions.

Model Provisions:

  • Digital market competition law amendments
  • Platform designation criteria and obligations
  • Data access and interoperability requirements
  • Merger notification thresholds for digital markets
  • Enforcement procedures and penalties

Trade remedy laws (anti-dumping, countervailing duties, safeguards) allow countries to respond to unfair trade practices or import surges. However, poorly designed trade remedy systems can be captured by protectionist interests or fail to provide timely relief. This publication provides model legislation and regulatory guidance for effective, WTO-compliant trade remedy systems.

Legal Framework Components:

  • Institutional Design: Independent investigating authority vs. ministry-based system
  • Procedural Requirements: Petition standards, standing, evidence, hearings, transparency
  • Substantive Standards: Injury determination, causation analysis, public interest tests
  • Remedies: Duty calculation methods, duration, review procedures
  • Judicial Review: Scope of review, standard of review, specialized trade courts

WTO Compliance:
Detailed analysis of WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement, SCM Agreement, and Safeguards Agreement requirements, with guidance on avoiding successful challenges.

Comparative Analysis:
Examination of trade remedy systems in US, EU, India, Brazil, China, and 15 other jurisdictions, identifying best practices and common pitfalls.

Implementation Guidance:

  • Institutional capacity requirements
  • Investigator training programs
  • Economic analysis methodologies
  • Stakeholder consultation procedures
  • Coordination with trade policy objectives

These publications represent just a sample of TANGO’s legal research portfolio. We publish 100+ legal outputs annually, covering the full spectrum of economic law and regulation. All publications are available in our legal research library, and we offer customized legal briefings for governments and organizations.

 Distinguished Lawyers Delivering Regulatory Excellence

TANGO’s Law practice brings together 5+ lawyers with deep expertise across all major domains of economic law and regulation. Our team includes former regulators, judges, treaty negotiators, senior government legal advisors, and leading academic scholars. What unites us is commitment to legal excellence, regulatory innovation, and practical implementation.

Our lawyers hold law degrees from the world’s top universities  and have published extensively in leading law journals. But we’re not ivory tower academics—we’ve drafted legislation adopted by governments, designed regulatory frameworks for 6 stock exchanges, negotiated investment treaties, and defended countries in WTO disputes.

We understand how regulation actually works and what makes legal frameworks implementable and enforceable. We maintain active partnerships with governments, regulatory agencies, international organizations, and corporations worldwide. Our lawyers regularly testify before legislative committees, advise regulatory commissions, support enforcement agencies, and present at major international legal forums including the International Bar Association, American Society of International Law, and specialized regulatory conferences.  This integrated approach ensures our legal analysis accounts for economic realities, market dynamics, and implementation challenges.

Build Your Future With TANGO Law

When you work with TANGO Law, you gain access to world-class legal expertise and deep regulatory knowledge. Our lawyers have drafted legislation for 28 governments, designed regulatory frameworks for 6 stock exchanges, developed fisheries legal structures for 12 jurisdictions, negotiated 23 investment treaties, and supported trade negotiations covering $2.1 trillion in flows.

We don’t just deliver legal opinions—we partner with you throughout the legislative and regulatory process, from initial drafting through implementation, enforcement, and evaluation. Our lawyers work alongside your legal teams, building local capacity and ensuring reforms succeed.

Whether you’re modernizing securities laws, negotiating international treaties, reforming environmental regulations, or ensuring multi-jurisdictional compliance—TANGO provides the legal rigor and regulatory expertise you need.

Our commitment to legal excellence, regulatory innovation, and practical implementation has made TANGO Law a trusted partner to governments, regulatory agencies, international organizations, and corporations worldwide. We maintain strict professional standards, provide independent legal analysis, and measure success by real-world outcomes.

RE
RESEARCH – lAWYERS

DR. MBONG TANGA
DR. MBONG TANGADirector, Securities Law & Capital Markets Practice
Expert in securities regulation, corporate governance, and market structure.
NADEGE NKWAMEN
NADEGE NKWAMEN Research Officer & Trade Law Expert
articles on trade law, investment treaties, and regional integration. scholar in international trade and investment law. Former legal advisor to African Union
DR. LARS PETERSEN
DR. LARS PETERSENDirector, Environmental & Natural Resource Law Practice
designing fisheries and marine resource legal frameworks. Drafted fisheries legislation for 12 countries. Former legal counsel to regional fisheries management organizations.

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